Interventional cardiology

Interventional cardiology is a branch of the medical specialty of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases.
A large number of procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization. This most commonly involves the insertion of a sheath into the femoral artery (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and cannulating the heart under X-ray visualization (most commonly
fluoroscopy, a real-time x-ray).
Procedures performed by specialists in interventional cardiology:
Angioplasty (PTCA, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) - for coronary atherosclerosis
Valvuloplasty - dilation of narrowed cardiac valves (usually mitral, aortic or pulmonary)
Procedures for congenital heart disease - insertion of occluders for ventricular or atrial septal defects, occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus, angioplasty of great vessels
Emergency angioplasty and stenting of occluded coronary vessels in the setting of acute myocardial infarction
Coronary Thrombectomy - a procedure performed to remove thrombus (blood clot) from blood vessels.[1]
Invasive procedures of the heart to treat arrhythmias are performed by specialists in clinical cardiac electrophysiology
Surgery of the heart is done by the specialty of cardiothoracic surgery. Some interventional cardiology procedures are only performed when there is cardiothoracic surgery expertise in the hospital, in case of complications.

Circadian Rhythm-Metabolism Link Discovered

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have discovered a protein that senses energy usage in our cells. This protein, called SRT1, works in concert with a circadian rhythm protein called CLOCK to regulate our cells’ activities. When the balance between these proteins is disrupted, say by poor sleep or diet patterns, normal cell functions can become upset in the process. This discovery of a link between a protein involved in cell metabolism and one involved in circadian rhythms demonstrates how sleep disturbance can lead to metabolic problems such as obesity, diabetes, and even accelerated aging.

Common Vaginal Infection May Increase Likeliness of HIV Infection

Public health researchers have found that women who have bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection, may be more susceptible to contracting HIV. It is unclear what the nature of the relationship between the two sexually transmitted diseases is. One theory is that BV changes the environment of the vagina by depleting “healthy” bacteria that usually defend against infections. BV also decreases the acidity of the vaginal environment, which may allow the HIV virus to better survive and cause infection.

Toxic Chemicals Found In Detergents, Air Fresheners

Did you know that manufacturers are not required to list the ingredients used in laundry products and air fresheners sold in the US? A new study from the University of Washington analyzed the chemical contents of top-selling detergents and air fresheners and found staggering amounts of toxic and volatile compounds which were not listed on any of the product labels. For example, one popular plug-in air freshener contained more than 20 unlisted volatile organic compounds, seven of which are regulated as toxic or hazardous under US laws. “Fragrance chemicals are of particular interest because of the potential for involuntary exposure,” said study leader Anne Steinemann, a UW professor of civil and environmental engineering. Her previous studies have showed that 20% of the population reported adverse health effects from air fresheners, and 10% complained of adverse effects from laundry product scents vented to the outdoors. These complaints doubled among people with asthma. Professor Steinemann hopes her research will raise public awareness and reduce exposures to potentially hazardous chemicals. In the meantime she recommends the use of scent-free consumer products.

Trans Fat Labeling May Mislead

Trans fats are once again in the news after governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed into law a ban on the use of trans fats by California restaurants. Trans fat is produced by the food industry to increase the shelf life of food products by making oil solid at room temperature. The problem with trans fats is that they have severe adverse effects on cholesterol levels which increases coronary heart disease risk. But, is selecting foods labeled as containing zero grams of trans fats enough to avoid it? As it turns out, trans fat does not have to be listed if the total fat in a food is less than 0.5 gram per serving (source: FDA). For now, the only reliable way of reducing your trans fat intake is to eat unprocessed foods or follow some of these practical tips from the FDA.

Tobacco Plants Make Cancer Vaccine

Stanford University researchers have successfully produced antibodies against a specific type of cancer called follicular B cell lymphoma. Antibodies are traditionally produced from animals, however, this was the first human study of an injectable vaccine produced by plants. Ironically, the antibodies were produced by tobacco plants. When injected into humans, these antibodies can trigger the immune system to target cancer cells that are specific to that patient’s tumor, thus allowing the body to better fight the cancer. The advantages of plant-produced antibodies include lower cost, faster production times, and individually tailored vaccines capable to targeting each patient’s specific cancer. More trials to evaluate this method is currently under way.